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Diabetes is a chronic medical condition that affects how the body processes blood sugar (glucose). There are two main types: Type 1, where the body does not produce insulin, and Type 2, where the body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn’t produce enough. Globally, diabetes is a growing health crisis, with the International Diabetes Federation estimating over 530 million adults living with the condition in 2023. This number is expected to rise, driven by lifestyle changes, urbanization, and aging populations.

In South Africa, diabetes is a significant public health concern. It is among the top causes of death, with millions affected and many more undiagnosed. Factors such as unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, obesity, and genetic predisposition contribute to the rising prevalence. The burden is particularly high in urban areas, but rural communities are increasingly affected as well.

Prevention and management of diabetes focus on healthy lifestyle choices. Eating a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, maintaining a healthy weight, and engaging in regular physical activity are key preventive measures. For those living with diabetes, regular monitoring of blood sugar, adherence to prescribed medication, and routine medical check-ups are essential for effective management and reducing complications.